ABSTRACT
To evaluate the effects of chelated Zn/Cu/Mn on redox status, immune responses and hoof health in lactating Holstein cows, 48 head in early lactation were divided into healthy or lame groups according to their gait score. Cows were fed the same amount of Zn/Cu/Mn as sulfate salts or in chelated forms for 180 days, and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine was injected at day 90. The results showed that lame cows had lower antioxidant function, serum Zn/Mn levels, hair Cu levels, and hoof hardness. Moreover, increased antioxidant status, FMD antibody titers, serum and hair levels of Zn/Cu/Mn, and hoof hardness and decreased milk fat percent and arthritis biomarkers were observed in cows fed chelated Zn/Cu/Mn. In summary, supplementation with chelated Zn/Cu/Mn improved antioxidant status and immune responses, reduced arthritis biomarkers, and increased accumulation of Zn/Cu/Mn in the body and hoof hardness in dairy cows.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Arthritis , Biomarkers , Foot-and-Mouth Disease , Gait , Hair , Hardness , Head , Hoof and Claw , Lactation , Milk , Oxidation-Reduction , SaltsABSTRACT
GammadeltaT cells are considered as linkage between innate and adaptive immune response, which recognize specific antigen without MHC-restriction. Vgamma9Vdelta2T cells, isolated from peripheral blood and tumor tissue, can be activated by non-peptide phosphoantigen through binding to its gammadeltaTCR and proliferate under IL-2 stimulation. It has been shown that Vgamma9Vdelta2T cells possess anticancer activity against several types of tumor in vitro, as well as inhibit the growth of lymphoma, breast cancer and malignant melanoma in vivo. The phase I clinical trial of the application of Vgamma9Vdelta2T cells in treatment of lung cancer, renal cancer and prostate cancer demonstrated promising results. This review summarizes the recent advances in antigen recognition and activation of gammadeltaT cells, and the gammadeltaT cell-based immunotherapy for cancer treatment.